Stepped Concentric Reducer

Create a precise, 3D-printable hollow PVC reducer made of two coaxial cylindrical sections. The upper cylinder must start directly above the lower cylinder, with no conical transition, no taper and no inclined surface. Both cylinders must share exactly the same vertical central axis. Lower cylinder: - internal diameter: 140 mm - vertical height: 84 mm - wall thickness: 2.5 mm - external diameter: 145 mm - open bottom Upper cylinder: - internal diameter: 93 mm - vertical height: 55 mm - wall thickness: 2.5 mm - external diameter: 98 mm - open top The upper cylinder must be perfectly centered relative to the lower cylinder. Its central axis must coincide exactly with the central axis of the lower cylinder. Connect the two cylinders directly at the top of the lower cylinder using a flat, horizontal annular shoulder. The shoulder must extend from the 145 mm external diameter of the lower cylinder to the 98 mm external diameter of the upper cylinder, while keeping the internal passage fully open between both cylinders. The internal cavity must be completely hollow and continuous: - no cap; - no transverse wall; - no closure; - no obstruction; - no internal cone; - no inclined restriction. The final shape must be a stepped cylindrical reducer: a larger lower hollow cylinder and a smaller upper hollow cylinder, both perfectly vertical and coaxial. Requirements: - units: millimeters; - total height: exactly 139 mm; - uniform wall thickness: approximately 2.5 mm; - complete rotational symmetry; - perfectly centered upper cylinder; - open top and open bottom; - no decorative details; - no handles, ribs or fins; - exportable as STL or STEP; - suitable for 3D printing.

Parameters

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