Automated PCB Screw Fastening Machine

Create a detailed 3D CAD model of a compact automated screw feeding and fastening machine for electronic PCB/board assembly. The machine should have a rigid rectangular 2020 aluminium extrusion frame with four vertical supports and a flat working table at the bottom. Place an electronic PCB/board fixture on the working table. Design a 3-axis Cartesian positioning mechanism similar to a small CNC machine. Use X-axis and Y-axis linear motion to position the fastening head over different screw locations on the PCB, and a Z-axis vertical mechanism to move the screwdriver up and down. Use three NEMA 17 stepper motors to drive the X, Y and Z axes through lead screws and linear guide rails. Include lead screw nuts, linear bearings, guide rails/rods, motor brackets and end supports. Mount an automatic electric screwdriver vertically on the Z-axis carriage. The screwdriver should have a screw-bit at its lower end and a torque-control/torque-sensing arrangement. Add an automatic screw feeding mechanism beside the screwdriver. The feeder should store multiple screws and deliver one screw at a time to the screwdriver. Mount a camera above the working area, preferably on the upper frame, so that it can capture/scan the PCB assembly drawing or board layout and identify the required screw positions. Include mounting locations for: - Raspberry Pi - Arduino Mega - Stepper motor drivers - Camera - Power supply - Limit switches - Torque sensor - Wiring/control box Show the X, Y and Z axes clearly. Provide realistic mechanical dimensions suitable for a laboratory prototype. Use aluminium extrusion for the frame, steel/aluminium plates for brackets, linear rails or supported rods for motion, and lead screws for linear movement. The PCB fixture should be removable and adjustable to accommodate different electronic board sizes. The final CAD assembly should clearly show: 1. Aluminium extrusion frame 2. PCB/workpiece fixture 3. X-axis mechanism 4. Y-axis mechanism 5. Z-axis mechanism 6. Three NEMA 17 motors 7. Lead screws 8. Linear guides 9. Automatic screwdriver 10. Screw feeding mechanism 11. Camera 12. Control/electronics enclosure 13. Limit switches 14. Torque sensing/control arrangement Create the model as a complete assembled machine suitable for a B.Tech mechanical engineering final-year project. Use realistic manufacturable parts and avoid unnecessarily complex industrial components.

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